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Suez canal

Suez canal is an artificial waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to Gulf of Suez, and then to the Red Sea.The canal is 163 km long, and has a width is a minimum of 60 meters. The canal is cutting through three lakes, the Lake Manzala, in the north from which it is protected with a bedding on the western side, the Lake Timsah in the middle, and the Bitter Lakes further south. The Bitter Lakes makes up almost 30 km of the total length. Along most of the length, there is only one lane for traffic available, though there are a handful of passing bays.

The canal is extensively used by modern ships, as it is the fastest crossing from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean. Taxes paid by the vessels represent an important source of income for the Egyptian government.

Suez Canal History

The idea of linking the Mediterranean and Red sea first occurred during the Pharaohs age. Pharaohs were pioneers in this sphere They dug a canal linking both seas through the eastern branch of the Nile Delta. Later the canal was neglected until the Greeks, followed by the Romans dug it several times but it was again neglected.  The canal was dug once again at the time of the Arab conquest of Egypt. It continued to exist for a number scores of years but was later filled up.

During the French campaign of 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte thought of linking the two seas directly by means of a navigation canal, but engineers did not support the idea of believing that the Red Sea level is nine meters higher than that of the Mediterranean.

·             On November 30,1854 the French engineer Ferdinand De-lesseps managed to sign a concession with the Egyptian government to dig the Suez Canal.

·              On April 25,1859 the digging of the Canal began and continued for ten years. More than 2.4 million Egyptian workers took part, of which more than 125.000 lost their lives.

·              On November 17,1869 the Suez Canal was opened for navigation.

·              The Suez Canal has a strategic location. It links two oceans and two seas the Atlantic and Mediterranean via Gibraltar to Port Said, and the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea via Bab Al Mandab and the Gulf of Suez to the port of Suez.
It is the longest Canal that has no locks, it can be widened and deepened at any time when necessary.

·              In July 1956, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal after it had been an international company for about 87 years.

·              The Suez Canal's strategic importance lies in the fact that it is essential for world trade. It transports 14% of the total world trade, 26% of oil exports, 41% of the total volume of goods and cargo that reach Arab Gulf ports.

·              The Egyptian government has always been keen on improving and developing the performance of the Suez Canal in order to cope with the steady increase in maritime transport due to the huge capacity of tankers, giant cargo vessels and the ever increasing number of ships crossing the canal.

·              The Suez Canal can accommodate huge vessels of 500 meters long, 70 meters wide and a draught of 70 feet. The present capacity of the Suez Canal has reached more than 25.000 vessels annually.                                        TOP

Navigation Inside Suez Canal

Transit in Suez Canal

- There are convoy system applied in the Suez Canal.

 

-  Northbound Convoy - Consists of Two Groups :

 

 - First Group

- Second Group

 

 

- Southbound - Consists of Two Convoys :

 

 - Southbound  First Convoy
-
Southbound Second Convoy

 

- Suez Canal Required Documents

- Arrival Notice

- Communications Inside Suez Canal

- Important Rules

- Characteristics of Suez Canal

 

Convoy System

 

Northbound Convoy

 

There is only one Northbound convoy daily starting around 0600 hours and clearing the Canal Port Said end same day

around 1600 hours.

 

(1)  First group consists of the following vessels:

a.

Vessels with arrival draught of more than 38 feet.

b.

Vessels with Suez Canal Net Tonnage over 70000

c.

Container vessels with Suez Canal Gross Tonnage over 40000.

d.

LPG – LNG – Lash vessels over SCGT 35000– Tankers carrying chemicals.

0100 hours is the arrival limit time, extendable to 0300 hours and up to 0330 hours against 3% or 5% extra Canal

Dues respectively.

S.C.A. considers arrival time of Suez Pilot station by passing North of Lat. 29 42.8 N regardless anchorage time.

                                                                                                                                                                           TOP

(2)  Second group (other vessels)

0300 hours local time is the arrival limit time, extendable to 0400 hours up to 0500 hours against 3% or 5% extra

Canal Dues respectively.

S.C.A. considering arrival time of Suez Pilot station by passing North of Lat. 29 48.33 N regardless anchorage time.

 

Southbound Convoys

 

(1) First Convoy

 

All vessels, which entitled to transit the Suez Canal can join the first southbound convoy.

S. C. A. considering arrival time of Port Said Pilot station by passing South of  Lat. 31 28.7 N regardless anchorage time.

1900 hours local time is the arrival limit time for joining the first Southbound convoy starting around 0100 hours of the

 next day and clearing the Canal Suez end same day around 1600 hours,

Arrival limit time extendable to 2100 hours and upto 2200 hours against 3% or 5% extra Canal Dues respectively.

 

(2) Second Convoy

 

Following vessels are not allowed to join the second Southbound convoy:

a.

Vessels with arrival draught of more than 42 feet.

b.

Vessels with beam over 148 feet.

c.

Vessels over 90000 Suez Canal Gross Tonnage.

d.

Container vessels over 90000 Suez Canal Gross Tonnage need pre- approval from SCA.

e.

LPG – LNG loaded or ballast NGF.

f.

Tankers carrying chemicals with flashpoint below 23 degree centigrade.

g.

Vessels carrying uncontainerized radio active materials group (1).

h.

Vessels not fitted with double bottom carrying chemicals in bulk.

i.

Vessels carrying dangerous wastes.

j.

Heavy lifters (semi – submersible) carrying heavy lift units with tonnage exceeding the lifting capacity of their

individual cranes.

k.

Vessels carrying deck cargo protruding more than half the vessel’s breadth on any side, with a maximum of 15

meters on each side if breadth exceeds 30 meters.

l.

Navy ships

 

0300 hours local time is the arrival limit time for joining the second Southbound convoy starting around 0600 hours

of the same day and clearing the Canal Suez end same day around 2300 hours.

 Arrival limit time extendable to 0400 hours and  up to 0500 hours against 3% or 5% extra Canal Dues respectively. 

                                                                                                                                                                           TOP

Suez Canal Required Documents

 

Vessels transiting for the First Time

a.

3 copies of Suez Canal Tonnage Certificate

b.

3 copies of General Arrangement plan

c.

3 copies of Capacity plan

d.

3 copies of Engine room plan

e.

3 copies of Registered Tonnage Certificate

 

All Vessels Arriving in ballast Should present

 

a.

Suez Canal Special Tonnage Certificate

b.

Crew List

c.

Certificate of registry.

d.

General Arrangement Plan

e.

Engine room Plan

f.

Capacity plan

g.

Dangerous Goods Declaration

h.

In Ballast Declaration

i.

Classification Certificate

j.

Normal Certificates as Radio, etc.

Tankers

 

 In addition Tankers Should Present:

 

a.

A Copy of Capacity Plan

b.

Declaration concerning double bottom tanks and the lower parts of the high tanks.

c.

Piping plan and general arrangement plan for LPG/LNG vessels

In addition Master will fill other Formal Documents to be presented by Agents and Authorities.

                                                                                                                                                                            TOP

Arrival Notice

Suez Canal Authority Requires Five Days Arrival Notice of Vessel’s ETA for Transit.
Vessel should advise following details (through its Canal Transit Agent) to Suez Canal Authority:

a.

ETA, Name, Nationality, Call Sign, any Ex Name

b.

Suez Canal GRT

c.

Suez Canal NRT

d.

Date of last Transit

e.

DWT

f.

Draft

g.

Suez Canal ID

h.

Beam, LOA

i.

Type of Cargo or if in Ballast Gas Free or not

j.

Dangerous Goods Details

k.

Last Port and Next Port

l.

Number of Tiers on Deck for Container Carriers

m.

Any Special Requirements as Crew change, Cash, repairs, etc.

Communications Inside Suez Canal

The Master of a vessel destined to transit the Suez Canal Could use the following methods :

A. VHF Radiotelephony for vessels from Sea :

(1) At Port Said :

 

A) Port management ( Listening ) :
    Call sign : ( Port Said 16 ) ( HP-1 ) 156.800 MHz

 

B) Pilot vessel and Radar guidance :

i.

Outside the Harbour :
Call sign : ( Port Said 12 ) ( HP-2 ) 156.600 MHz

ii.

Inside the Harbour :
Call sign : ( Port Said 13 ) ( HP-3 ) 156.650 MHz

 

 

C) Admeasurement Office :

    Call sign : ( Port Said 73 ) ( M ) 156.675 MHz

(2) At Suez Port :

 

A) Port management ( Listening ) :
    Call sign : ( Suez 16 ) ( HP-1 ) 156.800 MHz

 

B) Pilot vessel and Radar guidance :

i.

Outside the Harbour :
Call sign : ( Suez 11 ) ( HP-2 ) 156.550 MHz

ii.

Inside the Harbour :
Call sign : ( Suez 14 ) ( HP-3 ) 156.700 MHz

 

 

C) Admeasurement Office :
    Call sign : ( Suez 74 ) ( M ) 156.675 MHz

                                                                                                                                                                           TOP

B. UHF Radiotelephony in the Canal :

(1)  UHF voice communication system was built to cover all the Canal and its approaches to facilitate communication

between pilots and the main movement office at Ismailia and the port management offices.

The Canal pilot uses a special portable UHF personal transceiver which has the following frequencies.

Ch. No.

Reception Frequency MHz

Transmission Frequency MHz

Function

1

415.35

412.85

Vessels from North (SB)

2

415.60

413.10

Vessels from South (NB)

3

415.85

413.35

Emergency (EM)

4

416.60

141.10

In Port of Suez
Harbour HP ( T )

5

416.35

413.85

In Port Said
Harbour HP ( S )

6

416.13

413.60

Emergency (EMC)
Critical Vessels (out of convoy)

(2)  Escort tugs-towing tugs will use special portable UHF transceiver set which has the following frequencies :
Ch. 1 414.750 MHz
Ch. 2 414.775 MHz
Ch. 3 414.800 MHz

C. Sending SUQ to Suez Canal Authority HEAD OFFICE Ismailia is a per following Numbers :

TELEX

:

581 1622570

FAX

:

+20 64 392518

Important Rules

 

Mooring Boats

Vessels Transiting the Canal must have Mooring Boats hired from Mooring Company and Approved by the Suez

Canal Authority.

This mooring boats must be ready for use without any delay during the transit of the vessel, In case of non availability

of mooring, Ship boats could be used, Each boat is to be manned by three men.

Ships may ask for additional motorboats or mooring boats according to master's request.

 

Projectors (Searchlights)

Projector are compulsory transit and normally hired from the local company, LPG & LNG tankers should be

 equipped with own projectors conform to the Suez Canal Authority's rule of Navigation, and that said

projector should be gaslight.

It is also recommended by the S.C.A. that all vessels having a bulbous also have their own projector fitted on board.

                                                                                                                                                                          TOP

Pilot

The S.C.A.'s regulations state that, it is compulsory to have a pilot onboard for transit for any movement, Failure to

 comply with this regulation will face heavy fines.

 

Escort Tugs

Vessels facing Accident, groundings, steering, problems, engine troubles etc., whilst transit may use an Escort Tug,

 imposed by Suez Canal Authority.
Vessels unable to maintain the minimum transiting speed will be placed at the end of the convoy and/or may use an

 Escort Tug, as well as extra tools or even miss the convoy.

 

Characteristics of Suez Canal

 

Total Length of Suez Canal

192 KM

From Port Said to Ismailia

78 KM

From Ismailia to Port Tewfik

84 KM

From the Fairway Buoy to Port Said Light house

22.5km

Maximum permissible Length

No Restrictions

Maximum permissible Draft

62 feet

Maximum permissible Airdraft

68 M

Speed Limits (depending on Vessel type and tonnage of the vessel)

11km/h - 16km/h

Average transit time

14 hours

Depth of the Canal

19.5/20 M

                                                                                                                                                                           TOP

Rules Of Navigation

Suez Canal Authority Circulars

 

Circular No. 1/2003

It has been recently noticed that mooring boats / lifting appliances of some ships do not comply with Article 20 of Suez Canal Rules of Navigation 1995 Edition.

As the SCA is keen to address this situation, a grace period of six month shall be allowed for those ships to amend their operations so as to be fully in compliance with the Article.

This circular shall take effect up to 1/1/2003.

1.An Extension was given up to 31/12/03.

2.A further extension up to 30/06/2003 is granted.

Circular No. 2/2003
The SCA has executed a widening and deepening project for BALLAH west branch to allow modern container ships up to 95000 SCGT within the permissible dimensions to join the second Southbound convoy (N2) such vessels are subject to use SC tugs for marketing fast.

Container Ships of more than 90,000 SCGT had not been allowed to join the (N2) before.

Container Ships above 90,000 SCGT, within the permissible dimensions, requesting joining the (N2).

Are allowed , due to this development, against an additional charge of 5% of transit dues with a maximum of SDR 10.500.This Circular takes effect as 1/3/2003

 

Circular No. 3/2003
The development project BALLAH WEST BRANCH has been executed to accommodate vessels with draughts up to 45 ft. In line with the SCA policy to upgrade the canal for world navigation, The development project of BALLAH WEST BRANCH has been executed to accommodate vessels with draughts up to 45 ft.

As such vessels were not allowed to join the N2 convoy, the following has been decided:-

1-Vessels with the dimensions shown at the table stated below are allowed to join N2 convoy against an additional charge of 5% of transit dues with a maximum limit of SDR 10500, subject to transit through port said east branch up to BALLAH.

B  E  A  M

D R A U G H T

FT

M

CM

FT

IN

146

44

50

45

-

147

44

80

44

8

148

45

10

44

5

149

45

40

44

1

150

45

70

43

9

151

46

-

43

6

152

46

30

43

2

153

46

60

42

11

154

46

90

42

7

 

2-Table of vessel’s dimensions included in paragraph (4)page 66 – article 49 of Suez Canal Rules of Navigation Feb. Edition 1995 shall be replaced by the above mentioned table.

THIS CIRCULAR COMES INTO EFFECT AS OF 01/7/2003.                                                                       TOP

Circular No. 4/2003

Text of circular No.13/1995, with its amendment issued on 11/12/1997, is now deleted and replaced to be as follows :
The Limited for Southbound and Northbound Vessels, If navigation condition permits, will be shown below :

 

First Southbound Convoy :

a-

Vessels arriving after 1900 hrs. and up to 2100 hrs. may catch first southbound convoy against payment of 3%

additional surcharge on canal tolls, with a maximum of 7000 SDR.

b-

Vessels arriving after 2100 hrs. and up to 2200 hrs. may also catch first southbound convoy against payment

of 5% additional surcharge on canal tolls, with a maximum of 10500 SDR.

c-

Vessels arriving after 2200 hrs. may catch first southbound convoy, if the circumstance of Suez Canal, permits,

 against payment of 10% additional surcharge on canal tolls, with a maximum of 20000 SDR.

 

Second Southbound Convoy :
 

a-

Vessels arriving after 0300 hrs. and up to 0400 hrs. may catch second southbound convoy against payment

of 3% additional surcharge on canal tolls, with a maximum of 7000 SDR.

b-

Vessels arriving after 0400 hrs. and up to 0500 hrs. may also catch second southbound convoy against

payment of 5% additional surcharge on canal tolls, with a maximum of 10500 SDR.

c-

Vessels arriving after 0500 hrs. may catch second southbound convoy, if the circumstance of Suez Canal, permits,

 against payment of 10% additional surcharge on canal tolls, with a maximum of 20000 SDR.

d-

Vessels permit to catch the second southbound convoy, according to circulars Nos. 2/2003 and 3/2003, if

arrived after the defined timing, an additional surcharge of 8% on canal tolls, will be collected, complying

with the timings shown in item (a) with a maximum of 17000 SDR and 10% as additional surcharge on canal

 tolls complying with the timings shown in items (B & C) with a maximum of 20000 SDR.

 

Northbound Convoy                                                                                                                                         TOP

 

Vessels Permitted to Catch Tankers Group :

a-

Upon arrival after 0100 hrs. and up to 0300 hrs. such vessels may catch tankers' group, against payment of

additional surchrge of 3% on canal tolls, with  a maximum of 7000 SDR.

b-

Vessels arriving after 0300  hrs. and up to 0400 hrs. may also catch tankers' group, against payment of 5%

additional surcharge on canal tolls, with a maximum of 10500 SDR.

c-

Vessels arriving after 0400  hrs. may catch northbound convoy, if the circumstance of Suez Canal, permits,

against payment of 10% additional surcharge on canal tolls, with a maximum of 20000 SDR.

Conventional Vessel :

a-

Vessels admitted to catch conventional Vessels' convoy group, may catch the dedicated group upon arrival

after 0300 hrs. and up to 0400 hrs., against payment of 3% additional surcharge on canal tolls with a maximum

of  7000 SDR.

b-

Vessels arriving after 0400  hrs. and up to 0500 hrs. may also catch dedicated group, against payment of 5%

additional surcharge on canal tolls, with a maximum of 10500 SDR.

c-

Vessels arriving after 0500  hrs. may catch northbound convoy, if the circumstance of Suez Canal, permits,

against payment of 10% additional surcharge on canal tolls, with a maximum of 20000 SDR

 

Contents of this circular is applied as from 1/7/2003

Circular No. 5/2003:

On the surcharge against tiers of containers and lashes on the weather deck of container vessels and lash vessels.

 Article One :                                                                                                                                                      TOP

Article four of circular 6/93 concerning the transit dues as from 1-1-94, will be amended to read :

Container vessels and lash vessels carrying containers and lashes on the weather deck will be subject to the following

surcharges of the suez canal dues :

 

2%

for vessels carrying one tier of containers or lashes.

4%

for vessels carrying two tiers of containers or lashes.

6%

for vessels carrying three tiers of containers or lashes.

8%

for vessels carrying four tiers of containers or lashes.

10%

for vessels carrying Five tiers of containers or lashes.

14%

for vessels carrying  Six or more of containers tiers .

this, however, shall be increased of the rate of 1% for each extra tier exceeding 6 tiers :

15%

For Vessels carrying seven tiers of containers.

16%

For Vessels carrying eight tiers of containers.

And etc ....

Article Two :

This circular comes into force at zero hour on the first day of January 2004.

Circular No. 6/2003
SUEZ CANAL TRANSIT DUES

As of January 1, 2004

The Suez Canal Authority announces that transit dues for the year 2004 shall remain unchanged and that circular

No. 3/2002 shall stay in force.

This circular takes effect as of January 1, 2004

                                                                                                                                                                          TOP

Canal Tariff

 

The Suez Canal Authority announces that transit dues for the year 2003 shall remain unchanged, and the circular no. 3/2001 shall stay in force. This circular takes effect as of January 1St,2003. Please See the table of tariff here under.

 

 

Vessel's Type

First 5000

Next 5000

Next 10000

Next 20000

Next 30000

Rest

 

 

L

B

L

B

L

B

L

B

L

B

L

B

1

- Tanker of crude oil only

- combined carriers of crude oil only

6.49

5.52

3.62

3.08

3.25

2.77

1.40

1.19

1.40

1.19

1.21

1.03

2

- Tanker of petroleum products

- Combined carriers carrying petroleum products

- Combined carriers carrying more than one kind of cargo.

6.75

5.52

3.77

3.08

3.43

2.77

1.93

1.19

1.93

1.19

1.93

1.03

3

- Dry bulk carrier

- Combined carriers carrying dry bulk cargo only

7.21

6.13

4.14

3.52

2.97

2.53

1.05

0.9

1.00

0.85

1.00

0.85

4

-Other bulk liquid

- LNG carrier

- Chemical carriers

- Combined carriers carrying  other bulk liquid

7.50

6.38

4.18

3.56

3,81

3.24

2.68

2.28

2.68

2.28

2.68

2.28

5

- Liquefied petroleum gas LPG

6.75

5.75

3.77

3.21

3.43

2.92

2.42

2.06

2.42

2.06

2.42

2.06

6

- Containers ships

- vehicle carriers

7.21

6.13

4.1

3.49

3.37

2.87

2.42

2.06

2.42

2.06

1.83

1.56

7

- Special floating units

7.21

-

4.14

-

3.77

-

2.63

-

2.63

-

2.63

-

8

- Other vessels

7.21

6.13

4.14

3.52

3.77

3.21

2.63

2.24

2.63

2.24

2.63

2.24

 

Remarks :

1- If in ballast, Chemical / Oil Tankers are to be charged at the same rate of Oil tankers

2-Combined Carriers (OBO) when transiting in Ballast, combined Carriers are to be charged at the same rate

applied to Ballast Bulk Carriers.

3-Combined Ballast Gas Carriers LNG/LPG Transit Dues for combined Ballast Gas Carriers are to be calculated

according to the last shipment transported through the Suez Canal, in case the last cargo was LNG.

4-Container vessels or Lash vessels carrying containers or lashes over the weather deck will be subject to the

 following surcharges on the Suez Canal Dues:-

                                                                                                                                                                          TOP

2%

for vessels carrying one tier of containers or lashes.

4%

for vessels carrying two tiers of containers or lashes.

6%

for vessels carrying three tiers of containers or lashes.

8%

for vessels carrying four tiers of containers or lashes.

10%

for vessels carrying Five tiers of containers or lashes.

14%

for vessels carrying  Six or more of containers tiers .

this, however, shall be increased of the rate of 1% for each extra tier exceeding 6 tiers :

15%

For Vessels carrying seven tiers of containers.

16%

For Vessels carrying eight tiers of containers.

And etc ....

 

5-Containerships are to be exempted from extra dues on the top tier in the following two cases:

 

If the top tier contains no more than ten containers (TEU).

If the top tier has a protrusion of not more than 4 feet.

Any vessel carrying only containers to be treated as FCC (fully cellular container vessel)

The acceptable currencies for payment of transit dues.

- U.S. Dollar

- Sterling pound

- Euro

- Japanese yen

- Canadian dollar

- Swedish kroner

- Danish kroner

- Norwegian kroner

- Swiss franc

Transit Dues Rates are determined on the basis of SDR (Special Drawing Rights) SDR unit consists of :

 

U.S  Dollar

45 %

Euro

29 %

Yen

15 %

Pound sterling

11%

                                                                                                                                                                           TOP

Tug Cases

Cases of imposed SCA tugs:

Chargeable tugs shall be imposed during Canal transit in the following cases:

 

1.

To ensure safety of the vessel or to the Canal

2.

Vessels without mechanical power, or the machinery of which is disabled, or steering badly, or is liable to become

unmanageable for any reason.

3.

Vessels having engine or steering gear trouble for the second time during the same passage.

4.

Bad view vessels owing to deck cargo/equipment.

5.

Vessels unable to use one or both their Bow Anchors.

6.

Drilling vessels

7.

Vessels with two engines on one propeller of which, one is out of order and can not maintain minimum speed of 10 knots.

8.

A vessel with two engines on two propellers of which one is out of order.

 

Cases of Escorting Tugs:

 

The escort of Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCC’S), Ultra Large Crude Carriers (ULCC’S), LNG, LPG large Bulk Carriers and other

vessels, will be as follows:

1.

Loaded vessels less than 70.000 Suez Canal Net Tonnage will be escorted by one tug if for technical reasons SCA finds it

necessary or when the vessels draught is more than 47 feet.

2.

Loaded vessels from 70.000 to 90.000 Suez Canal Net Tonnage will be escorted by one tug.

3.

Loaded vessels over 90.000  Suez Canal Net Tonnage will be escorted by two tugs.

4.

Vessels in ballast over 130.000 Suez Canal Net Tonnage will be escorted by one tug.

5.

L.P.G and LNG over 25.000 Suez Canal Net Tonnage (Except GF) will be escorted by one tug.

6.

Vessels in ballast with beam over 218 feet up to 233 feet will be escorted by one tug.

7.

Vessels in ballast with beam over 233 feet will be escorted by two tugs.

8.

Towed scrapped vessels in ballast 80.000 Suez Canal Net Tonnage and over will be escorted by one tug.

                                                                                                                                                                            TOP

Vessels Not Alowed To Transit

A vessel will not be allowed to transit the Canal in any of the following cases:

 

1.

Any vessel whose Tropical Load Line is submerged, or Plimsoll Marks

not plainly visible (Overloaded).

2.

Any vessel considered by the Suez Canal Officials, dangerous for navigation.

3.

If carrying dangerous cargo or carrying prohibited cargoes.

4.

If having a list more than 3 degrees.

5.

If trimmed in a way causing bad maneuverability.

6.

If having deck loads protruding from vessel's sides in a manner endangering

the safety of transit.

7.

If the vessel is so tender or loaded in a manner that dangerously affects her stability.

8.

If her draught is in excess of maximum permitted according to these Rules.

9.

For VLCC's and ULCC's if there is bad weather.

10.

The SCA may consider delaying the vessel's entry to the Canal in case of bad

 weather.

11.

Any vessel without anchors.

 

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